Tag : PEMBROLIZUMAB
Gastric cancer remains a major global health burden, ranking among the top five cancers worldwide in both incidence and mortality. Despite advances in surgery and systemic therapy, survival in locally advanced disease lags behind that of other common malignancies, such as colorectal or breast cancer.
The landscape of early-stage non-small cell lung cancer is undergoing a rapid transformation. Once defined by the modest survival gains of adjuvant chemotherapy, treatment strategies now extend to immunotherapy and targeted therapies in both adjuvant and neoadjuvant settings.
Biliary tract cancer accounts for 10%-15% of all primary liver cancers in adults and includes tumors of the gallbladder and biliary tree. BTC is less common in Western populations but occurs more frequently in Asia. Notably, the incidence of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma has been rising worldwide, driven in part by metabolic disorders such as obesity, diabetes, and liver cirrhosis.
Bone metastases occur in approximately one-third of patients with advanced renal cell carcinoma and are associated with poor prognosis. This is partly due to RCC-driven immune dysregulation and the release of factors such as fibroblast growth factor and platelet-derived growth factor that promote osteoclast activation and bone resorption.
Kidney cancer is one of the most common cancers of the urinary system, with clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) being the most frequent pathological type. However, adjuvant therapy after surgery for localized ccRCC has historically been a challenging area of research, with limited success documented. In 2021, pembrolizumab, PD-1 antibody, was approved as an adjuvant treatment for renal cell carcinoma (RCC) patients based on significant improvements in disease-free survival (DFS) observed in the phase 3 KEYNOTE-564 trial. The recent publication of the third prespecified interim analysis of the trial has demonstrated that adjuvant pembrolizumab was also associated with a significant and clinically meaningful improvement in OS among ccRCC patients at increased risk for recurrence after surgery.
